Vim 速查备忘单

精选 Vim 常用指令与核心速查备忘单，涵盖高频用法、配置参数与实用技巧。 Vim 8.2 编辑器光标移动、编辑技巧与快捷键组合极速备忘单。

#入门指南

#光标移动示意图 (Motion Diagrams)

▼/▶ 当前光标   ▽/▷ 目标位置

#左右方向移动 (Left-right motions)

┌───────────── |
├───────────── 0      $ ──────────────┐
│  ┌────────── ^      fe ────────┐    │
│  │  ┌─────── Fo     te ───────┐│    │
│  │  │┌────── To     30| ───┐  ││    │
│  │  ││ ┌──── ge     w ───┐ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ ┌── b      e ─┐ │ │  ││    │
│  │  ││ │ │  ┌h      l┐ │ │ │  ││    │
▽  ▽  ▽▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▼      ▼▽ ▽ ▽ ▽  ▽▽    ▽
   echo "来自 WarpNav 极速手册的 Vim 备忘单"

#上下方向移动 (Up-down motions)

                 - 屏幕 1 顶部
   ┌─┬─────────▷ #!/usr/bin/python
   │ │     ┌───▷
   │ │     │     print("Hello")
   │ │     { } ▶ print("Vim")
   │ │       │   print("!")
   │ │       └─▷
   │ │ ┌───┬───▷ print("Welcome")
G gg H M L k j ▶ print("to")
│        │   └─▷ print("WarpNav")
│        │       print("/vim")
│        │
│        └─────▷
│                - 屏幕 1 底部
└──────────────▷ print("屏幕 2")

#移动快捷键 (Motions)

快捷键	快捷键说明
`h` \| `j` \| `k` \| `l`	左 / 下 / 上 / 右方向键
`<C-u>` / `<C-d>`	向上 / 向下翻半页 (Half-page)
`<C-b>` / `<C-f>`	向上 / 向下翻整页 (Page up/down)

#Words

快捷键	功能描述
`b` / `w`	Previous/Next word
`ge` / `e`	Previous/Next end of word

#Line

快捷键	功能描述
`0` (zero) / `$`	Start/End of line
`^`	Start of line (non-blank)

#Character

快捷键	功能描述
`Fe` / `fe`	Move to previous/next `e`
`To` / `to`	Move before/after previous/next `o`
`\|`/ `n\|`	Go to first/`n`th column

#Document

快捷键	功能描述
`gg` / `G`	First/Last line
`:n` \| `nG`	Go to line `n`
`}` / `{`	Next/Previous empty line

#Window

快捷键	功能描述
`H` / `M` / `L`	Top/Middle/Bottom screen
`zt` / `zz` / `zb`	Top/Center/Bottom this line

#插入模式 (Insert Mode)

快捷键	功能描述
`i` / `a`	Insert before/after cursor
`I` / `A`	Insert start/end of line
`o` / `O` (letter)	Insert new line below/above
`s` / `S`	Delete char/line and insert
`C` / `cc`	Change to end of/current line
`gi`	Insert at last insert point
`Esc` \| `<C-[>`	Exit insert mode

#保存与退出 (Saving & Exiting)

快捷键	功能描述
`:w`	Save
`:q`	Close file
`:wq` \| `:x` \| `ZZ`	Save and quit
`:wqa`	Save and quit all files
`:q!` \| `ZQ`	强制执行 quit
`:qa`	Close all files
`:qa!`	强制执行 quit all files
`:w` now.txt	Write to `now.txt`
`:sav` new.txt	Save and edit `new.txt`
`:w` !sudo tee %	Write to readonly file

#普通模式 (Normal Mode)

快捷键	功能描述
`r`	Replace one character
`R`	Enter Replace mode
`u` / `3u`	Undo changes `1` / `3` times
`U`	Undo changes on one line
`J`	Join with next line
`<C-r>` / 5 `<C-r>`	Redo changes `1` / `5` times

#剪切与粘贴 (Cut & Paste)

快捷键	功能描述
`x`	Delete character (Cut)
`p` / `P`	Paste after/before
`xp`	Swap two characters
`D`	Delete to end of line (Cut)
`dw`	Delete word (Cut)
`dd`	Delete line (Cut)
`ddp`	Swap two lines
`yy`	Yank line (Copy)
`"*p` \| `"+p`	Paste from system clipboard
`"*y` \| `"+y`	Paste to system clipboard

#In visual mode

快捷键	功能描述
`d` \| `x`	Delete selection (Cut)
`s`	Replace selection
`y`	Yank selection (Copy)

#重复操作 (Repeating)

快捷键	功能描述
`.`	Repeat last command
`;`	Repeat latest `f`, `t`, `F` or `T`
`,`	Repeat latest `f`, `t`, `F` or `T` reversed
`&`	Repeat last `:s`
`@:`	Repeat a command-line command

#可视化选择模式 (Visual Mode)

快捷键	功能描述
`v`	Enter visual mode
`V`	Enter visual line mode
`<C-v>`	Enter visual block mode
`ggVG`	Select all text
`>` / `<`	Shift text right/left

#宏录制与回放 (Macros)

-	-
`qi`	Record macro `i`
`q`	Stop recording macro
`@i`	Run macro `i`
`7@i`	Run macro `i` 7 times
`@@`	Repeat last macro

You can save macro for any letters not just i

#Vim 常用操作符

#使用说明 (Usage)

快捷键	功能描述
`d`	w
Operator	Motion

Combine operators with motions to use them

#可用操作符列表

快捷键	功能描述
`d`	Delete
`y`	Yank (copy)
`c`	Change (delete then insert)
`p`	Paste
`=`	Formats code
`g~`	Toggle case
`gU`	Uppercase
`gu`	Lowercase
`>`	Indent right
`<`	Indent left
`!`	Filter through external program

#操作符示例

Combination	Description
`d`d	Delete current line
`d`j	Delete two lines
`d`w	Delete to next word
`d`b	Delete to beginning of word
`d`fa	Delete until `a` char
`d`/hello	Delete until `hello`
`c`c	Change current line, synonym with `S`
`y`y	Copy current line
`>`j	Indent 2 lines
gg`d`G	Delete a complete document
gg`=`G	Indent a complete document
gg`y`G	Copy a whole document

#计数修饰符 (Counts)

[count] <operator> <motion>
<operator> [count] <motion>

Combination	Description
2`d`d	Delete `2` lines
6`y`y	Copy `6` lines
`d`3w	Delete `3` words
`d`5j	Delete `5` lines downwards
`>`4k	Indent `4` lines upwards

#Vim 文本对象操作

#使用说明 (Usage)

Shortcut	Description	-
`v`	i / a	p
Operator	inner / around	Text object

Operate with an operator inner or around text blocks

#文本对象规则 (Text Objects)

快捷键	功能描述
p	Paragraph
w	Word
W	WORD (surrounded by whitespace)
s	Sentence
[ ( { <	A [], (), or {} block
] ) } >	A [], (), or {} block
' " `	A quoted string
b	A block [(
B	A block in [{
t	A HTML tag block

See :help text-objects

#删除文本对象 (Delete)

快捷键	功能描述
`d`iw	Delete inner word
`d`is	Delete inner sentence
`d`i"	Delete in quotes
`d`a"	Delete in quotes (including quotes)
`d`ip	Delete a paragraph

#选择文本对象 (Selections)

快捷键	功能描述
`v`i"	Select inner quotes "`...`"
`v`a"	Select quotes `"..."`
`v`i[	Select inner brackets [`...`]
`v`a[	Select brackets `[...]`
`v`iw	Select inner word
`v`ip	Select inner paragraph
`v`ipip	Select more paragraph

#其他技巧 (Misc)

快捷键	功能描述
`c`iw	Change inner word
`c`i"	Change inner quotes
`c`it	Change inner tags (HTML)
`c`ip	Change inner paragraph
`y`ip	Yank inner paragraph
`y`ap	Yank paragraph (including newline)

#Vim 多文件与多窗口管理

#缓冲区管理 (Buffers)

-	-
`:e file`	Edit a file in a new buffer
`:bn`	Go to the next buffer
`:bp`	Go to the previous buffer
`:bd`	Remove file from buffer list
`:b 5`	Open buffer #5
`:b file`	Go to a buffer by file
`:ls`	List all open buffers
`:sp file`	Open and split window
`:vs file`	Open and vertically split window
`:hid`	Hide this buffer
`:wn`	Write file and move to next
`:tab ba`	Edit all buffers as tabs

#窗口分屏管理 (Windows)

-	-
`<C-w>` `s`	Split window
`<C-w>` `v`	Split window vertically
`<C-w>` `w`	Switch windows
`<C-w>` `q`	Quit a window
`<C-w>` `T`	Break out into a new tab
`<C-w>` `x`	Swap current with next
`<C-w>` `-` / `+`	Decrease/Increase height
`<C-w>` `<` / `>`	Decrease/Increase width
`<C-w>` `\|`	Max out the width
`<C-w>` `_`	Max out the height
`<C-w>` `=`	Equally high and wide
`<C-w>` `h` / `l`	Go to the left/right window
`<C-w>` `j` / `k`	Go to the up/down window

#标签页管理 (Tabs)

快捷键	功能描述
`:tabe [file]`	Edit file in a new tab
`:tabf [file]`	Open if exists in new tab
`:tabc`	Close current tab
`:tabo`	Close other tabs
`:tabs`	List all tabs
`:tabr`	Go to first tab
`:tabl`	Go to last tab
`:tabm 0`	Move to position `0`
`:tabn`	Go to next tab
`:tabp`	Go to previous tab

#Normal mode

快捷键	功能描述
`gt`	Go to next tab
`gT`	Go to previous tab
`2gt`	Go to tab number `2`

#Vim 查找与替换

#文本检索 (Search)

-	-
`/foo`	Search forward
`/foo\c`	Search forward (case insensitive)
`?foo`	Search backward
`/\v\d+`	Search with regex
`n`	Next matching search pattern
`N`	Previous match
`*`	Search for current word forward
`#`	Search for current word backward

#行内替换 (Replace Line)

:[range]s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]


`:s/old/new`	Replace first
`:s/old/new/g`	Replace all
`:s/\vold/new/g`	Replace all with regex
`:s/old/new/gc`	replace all (Confirm)
`:s/old/new/i`	Ignore case replace first
`:2,6s/old/new/g`	Replace between lines `2`-`6`

#全局文件替换 (Replace File)

:%s/{pattern}/{str}/[flags]


`:%s/old/new`	Replace first
`:%s/old/new/g`	Replace all
`:%s/old/new/gc`	Replace all (Confirm)
`:%s/old/new/gi`	Replace all (ignore case)
`:%s/\vold/new/g`	Replace all with regex

#范围限制 (Ranges)

-	-
`%`	Entire file
`’<,’>`	Current selection
`5`	Line `5`
`5,10`	Lines `5` to `10`
`$`	Last line
`2,$`	Lines `2` to Last
`.`	Current line
`,3`	Next `3` lines
`-3,`	Forward `3` lines

#全局命令 :g

:[range]g/{pattern}/[command]


`:g/foo/d`	Delete lines containing `foo`
`:g!/foo/d`	Delete lines not containing `foo`
`:g/^\s*$/d`	Delete all blank lines
`:g/foo/t$`	Copy lines containing `foo` to EOF
`:g/foo/m$`	Move lines containing `foo` to EOF
`:g/^/m0`	Reverse a file
`:g/^/t.`	Duplicate every line

#反向匹配全局命令 :g!

:[range]v/{pattern}/[command]


`:v/foo/d`	Delete lines not containing `foo` (also `:g!/foo/d`)

#标志位参数 (Flags)

-	-
`g`	Replace all occurrences
`i`	Ignore case
`I`	Don't ignore case
`c`	Confirm each substitution

#替换表达式与 Magic 模式

-	-
`&` \| `\0`	Replace with the whole matched
`\1`...`\9`	Replace with the group 0-9
`\u`	Uppercase next letter
`\U`	Uppercase following characters
`\l`	Lowercase next letter
`\L`	Lowercase following characters
`\e`	End of `\u`, `\U`, `\l` and `\L`
`\E`	End of `\u`, `\U`, `\l` and `\L`

#综合示例 (Examples)

:s/a\|b/xxx\0xxx/g		         # Modifies "a b"      to "xxxaxxx xxxbxxx"
:s/test/\U& file/                # Modifies "test"     to "TEST FILE"
:s/\(test\)/\U\1\e file/         # Modifies "test"     to "TEST file"
:s/\v([abc])([efg])/\2\1/g	     # Modifies "af fa bg" to "fa fa gb"
:s/\v\w+/\u\0/g		             # Modifies "bla bla"  to "Bla Bla"
:s/\v([ab])|([cd])/\1x/g         # Modifies "a b c d"  to "ax bx x x"
:%s/.*/\L&/                      # Modifies "HTML"     to "html"
:s/\v<(.)(\w*)/\u\1\L\2/g        # Make every first letter of a word uppercase
:%s/^\(.*\)\n\1/\1/              # Remove duplicate lines
:%s/<\/\=\(\w\+\)\>/\U&/g        # Convert HTML-Tags to uppercase
:g/^pattern/s/$/mytext           # Find and append text to the end
:g/pattern/norm! @i              # Run a macro on matching lines
/^\(.*\)\(\r\?\n\1\)\+$          # View the duplicates lines
/\v^(.*)(\r?\n\1)+$              # View the duplicates lines (very magic)
:v/./,/./-j                      # Compress blank lines into a blank line
:g/<p1>/,/<p2>/d                 # Delete inclusively from <p1> to <p2>

#Vimdiff 代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具

#使用说明 (Usage)


$ vimdiff file1 file2 [file3]
$ vim -d file1 file2 [file3]

#对比编辑 (Editing)

:[range]diffget [bufspec]
:[range]diffput [bufspec]

快捷键	功能描述
`do` / `:diffget`	Obtain (get) difference
`dp` / `:diffput`	Put difference
`:dif`	Re-scan differences
`:diffo`	Switch off diff mode
`:1,$+1diffget`	Get all differences
`ZQ`	Quit without changes

See: Ranges

#折叠控制 (Folds)

快捷键	功能描述
`zo` / `zO`	Open
`zc` / `zC`	Close
`za` / `zA`	Toggle
`zv`	Open folds for this line
`zM`	Close all
`zR`	Open all
`zm`	Fold more (foldlevel += 1)
`zr`	Fold less (foldlevel -= 1)
`zx`	Update folds

#差异跳转 (Jumping)

快捷键	功能描述
`]c`	Next difference
`[c`	Previous difference

#Quickfix 列表 (高级技巧)

#Quickfix 基础使用

The Quickfix List is primarily used to navigate a list of errors/warnings (or file locations) generated by a compiler or linter.

快捷键	功能描述
`:copen`	Open the quickfix window
`:cclose`	Close the quickfix window
`:cnext`	Go to the next error/location (`:cn` also works)
`:cprevious`	Go to the previous error/location (`:cp` also works)
`:clist`	List all errors/locations in the list
`:cf [file]`	Populate the list with errors from a file (e.g., a compiler log)

#批量处理命令 :cdo / :cfdo

The :cdo (quickfix do) and :cfdo (quickfix file do) commands execute a command in every file listed in the quickfix list. :cdo iterates over every location in the list, while :cfdo iterates over every unique file in the list.

命令指令	含义说明
`:cdo [cmd]`	Execute `[cmd]` for every location in the quickfix list.
`:cfdo [cmd]`	Execute `[cmd]` for every unique file in the quickfix list.

#其他实用技巧 (Miscellaneous)

#大小写转换 (Case)

快捷键	功能描述
`vU`	Uppercase character
`vu`	Lowercase character
`~`	Toggle case character
`viw` `U`	Uppercase word
`viw` `u`	Lowercase word
`viw` `~`	Toggle case word
`VU` / `gUU`	Uppercase line
`Vu` / `guu`	Lowercase line
`V~` / `g~~`	Toggle case line
`gggUG`	Uppercase all text
`ggguG`	Lowercase all text
`ggg~G`	Toggle case all text

#差异跳转 (Jumping)

快捷键	功能描述
`<C-o>`	Go back to previous
`<C-i>`	Go forward
`gf`	Go to file in cursor
`ga`	Display hex, ascii value

#其他技巧 (Misc) command-lines

-	-
`:h`	Help open help view
`:edit!`	Reload current file
`:2,8m0`	Move lines `2`-`8` to `0`
`:noh`	Clear search highlights
`:sort`	Sort lines
`:ter`	Open a terminal window
`:set paste`	Enable Insert Paste sub-mode
`:set nopaste`	disable Insert Paste sub-mode
`:cq`	Exiting with an error (aborting Git)

#导览跳转 (Navigating)

快捷键	功能描述
`%`	Nearest/matching `{[()]}`
`[(` \| `[{`	Previous `(` or `{`
`])` \| `]{`	Next `)` or `}`
`[m`	Previous method start
`[M`	Previous method end

#计数器 (Counters)

快捷键	功能描述
`<C-a>`	Increase number
`<C-x>`	Decrease number

#标签导航 Tags

快捷键	功能描述
`:tag Classname`	Jump to first definition of Classname
`<C-]>`	Jump to definition
`g]`	See all definitions
`<C-t>`	Go back to last tag
`<C-o> <C-i>`	Back/forward
`:tselect Classname`	Find definitions of Classname
`:tjump Classname`	Find definitions of Classname (auto-select 1st)

#代码排版格式化 (Formatting)

-	-
`:ce 8`	Center lines between `8` columns
`:ri 4`	Right-align lines at `4` columns
`:le`	Left-align lines

See :help formatting

#标记位置 Marks

快捷键	功能描述
`^	Last position of cursor in insert mode
`.	Last change in current buffer
`"	Last exited current buffer
`0	In last file edited
`''`	Back to line in current buffer where jumped from
``	Back to position in current buffer where jumped from
`[	To beginning of previously changed or yanked text
`]	To end of previously changed or yanked text
`<	To beginning of last visual selection
`>	To end of last visual selection
`ma`	Mark this cursor position as `a`
`a	Jump to the cursor position `a`
`'a`	Jump to the beginning of the line with position `a`
`d'a`	Delete from current line to line of mark `a`
d`a	Delete from current position to position of mark `a`
`c'a`	Change text from current line to line of `a`
y`a	Yank text from current position to position of `a`
`:marks`	List all current marks
`:delm a`	Delete mark `a`
`:delm a-d`	Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`, `d`
`:delm abc`	Delete marks `a`, `b`, `c`

#内置表达式计算器

快捷键	功能描述
`<C-r>` `=` 7*7	Shows the result
`<C-r>` `=` 10/2	Shows the result

Do this in INSERT mode

#执行 Shell 命令

-	-
`:!<shell>`	Interpret Shell Command
`:r!<shell>`	Read in output of shell
`:r!date`	Insert date
`:!!date`	Replace current line with date

#命令行历史

快捷键	功能描述
`<C-r><C-w>`	Insert current word into the command line
`<C-r>"`	Paste from " register
`<C-x><C-f>`	Auto-completion of path in insert mode

#Vim 奇技淫巧 (Tricks)

Remove duplicate lines

:sort | %!uniq -u

To number the lines in the file

:%!cat -n

Copy whole doc to clipboard

:%w !pbcopy            # Mac OS X
:%w !xclip -i -sel c   # GNU/Linux
:%w !xsel -i -b        # GNU/Linux

#扩展阅读

Devhints (devhints.io)
Vim cheatsheet (vim.rotrr.com)
Vim documentation (vimdoc.sourceforge.net)
Interactive Vim tutorial (openvim.com)

Vim 速查备忘单

#入门指南

#光标移动示意图 (Motion Diagrams)

#左右方向移动 (Left-right motions)

#上下方向移动 (Up-down motions)

#移动快捷键 (Motions)

#Words

#Line

#Character

#Document

#Window

#插入模式 (Insert Mode)

#保存与退出 (Saving & Exiting)

#普通模式 (Normal Mode)

#剪切与粘贴 (Cut & Paste)

#In visual mode

#重复操作 (Repeating)

#可视化选择模式 (Visual Mode)

#宏录制与回放 (Macros)

#Vim 常用操作符

#使用说明 (Usage)

#可用操作符列表

#操作符示例

#计数修饰符 (Counts)

#Vim 文本对象操作

#使用说明 (Usage)

#文本对象规则 (Text Objects)

#删除文本对象 (Delete)

#选择文本对象 (Selections)

#其他技巧 (Misc)

#Vim 多文件与多窗口管理

#缓冲区管理 (Buffers)

#窗口分屏管理 (Windows)

#标签页管理 (Tabs)

#Normal mode

#Vim 查找与替换

#文本检索 (Search)

#行内替换 (Replace Line)

#全局文件替换 (Replace File)

#范围限制 (Ranges)

#全局命令 :g

#反向匹配全局命令 :g!

#标志位参数 (Flags)

#替换表达式与 Magic 模式

#综合示例 (Examples)

#Vimdiff 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具 代码对比工具

#使用说明 (Usage)

#对比编辑 (Editing)

#折叠控制 (Folds)

#差异跳转 (Jumping)

#Quickfix 列表 (高级技巧)

#Quickfix 基础使用

#批量处理命令 :cdo / :cfdo

#其他实用技巧 (Miscellaneous)

#大小写转换 (Case)

#差异跳转 (Jumping)

#其他技巧 (Misc) command-lines

#导览跳转 (Navigating)

#计数器 (Counters)

#标签导航 Tags

#代码排版格式化 (Formatting)

#标记位置 Marks

#内置表达式计算器

#执行 Shell 命令

#命令行历史

#Vim 奇技淫巧 (Tricks)

#扩展阅读

#Vimdiff 代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具代码对比工具